Journal: Virology

Article Title: Glycan-dependent chikungunya viral infection divulged by antiviral activity of NAG specific chi-like lectin.

doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2018.10.009

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 3. TCLL interaction with SINV and CHIKV using ELISA assay. Indirect ELISA was performed using different concentrations of TCLL with (a) SINV (b) CHIKV using primary mouse anti-E2 alphavirus glycoprotein antibody and HRP-conjugated anti-mouse IgG1 secondary antibody. The different colored lines represent; where Black (♦) = Virus and TCLL; Blue (•) = BSA-incubated TCLL and virus; Purple (×) = NAG-incubated TCLL and virus; Green (■) = TCLL protein in the absence of virus; Red (▲) = BSA and virus. The absorbance values represent an average of two readings plotted against TCLL concentration. Error bars represent the standard deviation.

Article Snippet: In another set, the same procedure was followed using the TCLL protein that was pre-incubated with 1mM of NAG for 15min before its incubation with virus and incubated at 25 °C for 1.5 h. The blocking was done with 3% skimmed milk in TBST for 1 h followed by incubation with the mouse anti-E2 alphavirus glycoprotein monoclonal antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnolgy, Inc.) at a dilution of 1:3000 in TBST for 2 h at 25 °C.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Indirect ELISA, Virus, Incubation, Concentration Assay, Standard Deviation

Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Deep Sequencing for the Detection of Virus-Like Sequences in the Brains of Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: Detection of GBV-C in Human Brain

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031886

Figure Lengend Snippet: Following the failure of published primers to amplify sequences in this specimen, specific primers were constructed based on the sequences of specific reads obtained from the Illumina GAII sequencing of this specimen. A. Four regions of the GBV-C genome were selected for amplification including 2 sites in the 5′ non-translated region, the E2 (envelope protein) gene, and NS3 (non-structural). B. Amplicons were derived from each of these primer sets, including + (genome) and − (replication intermediate) strands. Sequencing of 3 of these amplicons spanning 906 bp revealed identity with >100 published GBV-C isolates, indicating that this subject had a novel strain of GBV-C in her brain tissue which appeared to be replicating at the time of her death.

Article Snippet: These included pre- and post-immune rabbit polyclonal antiserum against GBV-C E2 protein , mouse monoclonal anti-E2 #7067 , and mouse monoclonal 1C4 , plus control mouse IgG1 (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA).

Techniques: Construct, Sequencing, Amplification, Derivative Assay